{"id":832,"date":"2024-09-18T14:59:35","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T12:59:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocvision.eu\/?post_type=jaunumi&p=832"},"modified":"2025-03-27T15:07:58","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T13:07:58","slug":"tuvredziba-jeb-kad-talu-redzet-gruti","status":"publish","type":"jaunumi","link":"https:\/\/ocvision.eu\/lv\/jaunumi\/tuvredziba-jeb-kad-talu-redzet-gruti\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuvredz\u012bba jeb kad t\u0101lu redz\u0113t gr\u016bti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Tuvredz\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 cilv\u0113ks var viegli saredz\u0113t blakus un net\u0101lu eso\u0161os objektus, bet tam gr\u016bt\u012bbas sag\u0101d\u0101 atpaz\u012bt<\/em> liel\u0101k\u0101 att\u0101lum\u0101 eso\u0161us objektus un cilv\u0113ku sejas. B\u0113rni, s\u0113\u017eot p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s solu rind\u0101s, piem\u0113ram, ar gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m var izlas\u012bt uz t\u0101feles rakst\u012bto. Tuvredz\u012bbas jeb medic\u012bniski \u2013 miopijas gad\u012bjum\u0101 gaismas stari fokus\u0113jas pirms t\u012bklenes, t\u0101p\u0113c att\u0113ls veidojas neass. Tuvredz\u012bba tiek kori\u0123\u0113ta ar m\u012bnus stipruma l\u0113c\u0101m un diem\u017e\u0113l, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no citiem redzes defektiem, rada liel\u0101ku komplik\u0101ciju risku n\u0101kotn\u0113.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas ir tuvredz\u012bba?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuvredz\u012bba ir visai izplat\u012bts redzes trauc\u0113jums un vistie\u0161\u0101kaj\u0101 veid\u0101 saist\u012bta ar acs sp\u0113ju lauzt gaismu jeb refrakciju, kas savuk\u0101rt ir atkar\u012bga no acs optisk\u0101s sist\u0113mas stipruma un acs ass garuma. Vesel\u0101 ac\u012b gaismas stari ar acs optisk\u0101s sist\u0113mas pal\u012bdz\u012bbu fokus\u0113jas prec\u012bzi uz t\u0101s aizmugur\u0113j\u0101s sieni\u0146as jeb gaismj\u016bt\u012bgu \u0161\u016bnu k\u0101rtas (t\u012bklenes), kur\u0101 atrodas \u012bpa\u0161i gaismas staru uztver\u0161anas elementi jeb fotoreceptori, kas ir skaidra att\u0113la form\u0113\u0161an\u0101s oblig\u0101ts priek\u0161nosac\u012bjums. Savuk\u0101rt tuvredz\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca gaismas staru fokus\u0113jas pirms t\u012bklenes \u2013 to visbie\u017e\u0101k izraisa acs \u0101bola mugur\u0113j\u0101 segmenta izstiep\u0161an\u0101s, ret\u0101k \u2013 p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bga acs optisk\u0101s sist\u0113mas sp\u0113ja lauzt gaismas starus un neatbilst\u012bba acs ass garumam. Tuvredz\u012bbas veido\u0161anos veicina iedzimt\u012bba, vielmai\u0146as trauc\u0113jumi un apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 vide, k\u0101 ar\u012b prim\u0101rais akomod\u0101cijas (acs sp\u0113jas elast\u012bgi piem\u0113roties priek\u0161metu apl\u016bko\u0161anai da\u017e\u0101d\u0101 att\u0101lum\u0101, nodro\u0161inot skaidru att\u0113lu uz t\u012bklenes) un skl\u0113ras (acs \u0101bola apvalka) v\u0101jums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101p\u0113c tuvredz\u012bbas t\u0113ma ir aktu\u0101la?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To pamato divi fakti. Pirmk\u0101rt, miopijas skarto cilv\u0113ku skaita pieaugums \u2013 \u0161obr\u012bd 23 % no ES kop\u0113j\u0101s popul\u0101cijas ir tuvredz\u012bgi, bet, pamatojoties uz da\u017e\u0101diem statistikas apr\u0113\u0137iniem, l\u012bdz 2050. gadam \u0161is skaitlis var\u0113tu vair\u0101k nek\u0101 dubultoties, sasniedzot 50-55%. Otrk\u0101rt, tuvredz\u012bbu konstat\u0113jam aizvien jaun\u0101ka vecuma b\u0113rniem \u2013 ja pirms gadiem divdesmit tie bija astoto un dev\u012bto kla\u0161u skol\u0113ni, tad \u0161obr\u012bd miopija sastopama jau pirmsskolas un s\u0101kumskolas b\u0113rniem, kas ir piln\u012bgi jauna un ba\u017eas raiso\u0161a tendence. Proti, saska\u0146\u0101 ar literat\u016bras datiem, tuvredz\u012bba visbie\u017e\u0101k s\u0101k att\u012bst\u012bties agr\u012bn\u0101 pusaud\u017eu vecum\u0101, kad acs \u0101bols v\u0113l turpina augt, un t\u0101 progres\u0113 l\u012bdz apm\u0113ram 18 – 25 gadu vecumam. Organisma aug\u0161anai beidzoties, tuvredz\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bba parasti apst\u0101jas vai ir \u013coti minim\u0101la. Tie\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c tie b\u0113rni, kuriem miopija diagnostic\u0113ta agr\u012bni, ir pak\u013cauti augst\u0101kas pak\u0101pes tuvredz\u012bbas riskam \u2013 vi\u0146u gad\u012bjum\u0101 redzes trauc\u0113jumi l\u012bdz liel\u0101kiem \u201cm\u012bnusiem\u2019\u2019 progres\u0113 strauj\u0101k, nek\u0101 tas notiktu situ\u0101cij\u0101, ja tuvredz\u012bba b\u016btu iest\u0101jusies v\u0113l\u0101k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agr\u012bna diagnostika \u2013 nepiecie\u0161ama<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuvredz\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 pirm\u0101s objekt\u012bv\u0101s, proti, acs garuma izmai\u0146as iesp\u0113jams fiks\u0113t gadus \u010detrus iepriek\u0161, pirms konstat\u0113ts re\u0101ls redzes pasliktin\u0101jums \u2013 \u201cm\u012bnusi\u201d. T\u0101tad \u2013 jau b\u0113rnud\u0101rz\u0101, v\u0113l pirms skolas s\u0101kuma. T\u0101p\u0113c tik svar\u012bgi izmantot valsts nodro\u0161in\u0101t\u0101s b\u0113rnu profilaktisk\u0101s redzes p\u0101rbaudes \u2013 1, 3 un 6\/7 gadu vecum\u0101, jo diem\u017e\u0113l vec\u0101ki pa\u0161i b\u0113rnu redzes probl\u0113mas pamana nov\u0113loti \u2013 tikai tad, kad t\u0101s jau samilzu\u0161as. Turkl\u0101t \u0161\u012bs p\u0101rbaudes v\u0113lams veikt pie viena speci\u0101lista vai vien\u0101 iest\u0101d\u0113, lai b\u016btu iesp\u0113jams analiz\u0113t redzes st\u0101vokli dinamik\u0101, izprast izmai\u0146u iemeslus, k\u0101 ar\u012b prognoz\u0113t tuvredz\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bbas t\u0101l\u0101ko gaitu un potenci\u0101los riskus, t\u0101pat ar\u012b sa\u0146emt atbilsto\u0161us dz\u012bves veida un profilakses ieteikumus, piemekl\u0113t vai main\u012bt redzes korekcijas l\u012bdzek\u013cus. L\u012bdz 3 gadu vecumam b\u016btu ieteicama viz\u012bte pie b\u0113rnu acu \u0101rsta, bet p\u0113c \u0161\u012b vecuma sasnieg\u0161anas jau pie optometrista (gad\u012bjumos, ja nav nopietnu s\u016bdz\u012bbu). Optometrists ir prim\u0101rais speci\u0101lists redzes vesel\u012bbas jaut\u0101jumos, kur\u0161 kompleksi nodro\u0161ina risin\u0101jumu \u2013 gan konstat\u0113 probl\u0113mas, gan to atbilsto\u0161u korekciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pirmie tuvredz\u012bbas sign\u0101li<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Str\u0101d\u0101jot specializ\u0113taj\u0101 miopijas kabinet\u0101, es redzu, cik svar\u012bgs b\u0113rnu tuvredz\u012bbas savlaic\u012bgas atkl\u0101\u0161anas un progresijas tempa nov\u0113r\u0161an\u0101 ir vec\u0101ku v\u0113r\u012bgums un vesel\u012bbas prat\u012bba. Proti, ir svar\u012bgi, lai vi\u0146i paman\u012btu s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s paz\u012bmes, kas var liecin\u0101t par iesp\u0113jamu miopijas att\u012bst\u012bbu atvas\u0113m. Piem\u0113ram, mazs b\u0113rns var aps\u0113sties tuv\u0101k televizora ekr\u0101nam, pieliekties tuv\u0101k gr\u0101matai vai viedier\u012bces ekr\u0101nam. Savuk\u0101rt skol\u0113ns var s\u016bdz\u0113ties par gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m saredz\u0113t inform\u0101ciju uz parast\u0101s vai elektronisk\u0101s t\u0101feles. Par gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m saredz\u0113t t\u0101lum\u0101 liecina ar\u012b acu mieg\u0161ana, galvas pieliek\u0161ana vai pieres sarauk\u0161ana. V\u0113l\u0101k jau var pievienoties redzes miglo\u0161an\u0101s, skatoties t\u0101lum\u0101, acu un\/vai galvas s\u0101pes, acu nogurums un asaro\u0161ana, redzes skaidr\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumi tums\u0101. \u0160\u0101das paz\u012bmes nek\u0101di nedr\u012bkst ignor\u0113t \u2013 jo v\u0113l\u012bn\u0101k miopija tiek atkl\u0101ta un kori\u0123\u0113ta, jo gr\u016bt\u0101k pal\u0113nin\u0101t t\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bbas tempus un nov\u0113rst potenci\u0101lo redzes komplik\u0101ciju risku pieaugu\u0161\u0101 vecum\u0101. Tikpat svar\u012bga ir ar\u012b \u0161\u012b kabineta nodro\u0161in\u0101t\u0101 regul\u0101r\u0101 tuvredz\u012bbas kontrole \u2013 sistem\u0101tiski m\u0113r\u012bjumi un izmekl\u0113jumi, lai p\u0101rliecin\u0101tos, ka eso\u0161\u0101 miopijas korekcija nav k\u013cuvusi par v\u0101ju un nav nepiecie\u0161ama stipr\u0101kas \u201dm\u012bnus\u201d l\u0113cas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nekori\u0123\u0113tas tuvredz\u012bbas riski<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tie ir vair\u0101ki. Pirmk\u0101rt, b\u0113rna soci\u0101l\u0101, intelektu\u0101l\u0101 un fizisk\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bba, pa\u0161v\u0113rt\u0113juma zudums. B\u0113rns, slikti redzot, dom\u0101, ka ar vi\u0146u kaut kas nav k\u0101rt\u012bb\u0101, vi\u0146am ir gr\u016bti sekot stundas vielai un to apg\u016bt, iek\u013cauties vienaud\u017eu soci\u0101laj\u0101s aktivit\u0101t\u0113s, piedal\u012bties fiziskaj\u0101s nodarb\u012bb\u0101s. \u0160ie faktori var rad\u012bt b\u0113rnam nopietnu stresu, kas savuk\u0101rt k\u013c\u016bst par iemeslu uzved\u012bbas un uzman\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumiem, slikt\u0101m sekm\u0113m un apgr\u016btin\u0101tai saskarsmei ar vienaud\u017eiem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otrk\u0101rt, medic\u012bniskie \u2013  patolo\u0123isk\u0101s meh\u0101nisk\u0101s izmai\u0146as ac\u012b (t\u0101 stiepjas gar\u0101ka, \u201cnospriegojas\u201d utt.) provoc\u0113 da\u017e\u0101dus fiziolo\u0123iskos procesus. Proti, jo liel\u0101ka tuvredz\u012bba (virs -3 dioptrij\u0101m), jo nopietn\u0101ks neatgriezenisku acs slim\u012bbu, piem\u0113ram, glaukomas un acs t\u012bklenes atsl\u0101\u0146o\u0161an\u0101s (t\u0101s iemesls \u2013 t\u012bklenes pl\u012b\u0161ana da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s viet\u0101s) risks. Augstas pak\u0101pes tuvredz\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 \u2013 virs -6 dioptrij\u0101m \u2013 glaukomas risks pieaug 2,5 reizes. Ja tuvredz\u012bbu izdodas samazin\u0101t par 1 dioptriju, tas glaukomas risks attiec\u012bgi sar\u016bk par 16%. Savuk\u0101rt t\u012bklenes atsl\u0101\u0146o\u0161an\u0101s risku augst\u0101kas pak\u0101pes tuvredz\u012bba palielina pat 20 reizes \u2013 t\u0101p\u0113c ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi tuvredz\u012bbu b\u0113rna\/pusaud\u017ea vecum\u0101 nokontrol\u0113t t\u0101, lai pieaugu\u0161\u0101 vecum\u0101 t\u0101 nep\u0101rsniegtu -5 dioptrijas, jo tas samazin\u0101tu t\u012bklenes atsl\u0101\u0146o\u0161an\u0101s risku par 23%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tre\u0161k\u0101rt, rodas ar\u012b citi ar redzes vesel\u012bbu nesaist\u012bti pa\u0161saj\u016btas trauc\u0113jumi \u2013 acu pastiprin\u0101tas piep\u016bles rezult\u0101t\u0101 saspringst plecu un kakla musku\u013ci, tiek trauc\u0113ta asinsrite un adekv\u0101ta smadze\u0146u apasi\u0146o\u0161ana utt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svar\u012bgi saprast, ka atbilsto\u0161i nekori\u0123\u0113ta tuvredz\u012bba progres\u0113 strauj\u0101k un da\u017e\u0101di \u201calternat\u012bvi\u201d risin\u0101jumi nedarbojas. Proti, miopijas gad\u012bjum\u0101 nepal\u012bdz nek\u0101di pla\u0161i populariz\u0113tie redzes \u201ctreni\u0146i\u201d un acs musku\u013cu stiprin\u0101\u0161ana \u2013 dioptrijas \u201cnotren\u0113t nost\u201d nav iesp\u0113jams. Tuvredz\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 redzes pasliktin\u0101\u0161anos rada acs garuma izmai\u0146as vai acs optisk\u0101s sist\u0113mas (radzenes vai l\u0113cas) neatbilsto\u0161s stiprums, savuk\u0101rt redzes treni\u0146i sp\u0113j uzlabot tikai acs musku\u013cu darb\u012bbu vai abu acu sadarb\u012bbu, bet nesp\u0113j ietekm\u0113t \u0161\u0101du anatomisku strukt\u016bru uzb\u016bvi un to izmai\u0146as. T\u0101pat ar\u012b nepal\u012bdz k\u0101dreiz padomju laikos tik iecien\u012btais risin\u0101jums izv\u0113l\u0113ties maz\u0101ka stipruma brilles, nek\u0101 tas b\u016btu nepiecie\u0161ams, lai acs b\u016btu spiesta pati vair\u0101k darboties. Ir piln\u012bb\u0101 pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka \u0161\u012bs metodes nestr\u0101d\u0101 \u2013 \u201cm\u012bnusi paaugstin\u0101s\u201d. Pal\u012bdz tikai pilnas korekcijas brilles vai l\u0113cas. Neskait\u0101mi p\u0113t\u012bjumi pier\u0101da, ka nepietiekama stipruma bri\u013c\u013cu l\u0113cas rad\u012btais defokuss uz t\u012bklenes rada miglainu redzi, kas tuvredz\u012bbai liek att\u012bst\u012bties v\u0113l strauj\u0101k, nek\u0101 pilnas korekcijas gad\u012bjum\u0101<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vec\u0101ku loma \u2013 b\u016btiska<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mana pieredze liecina, ka vec\u0101ki kopum\u0101 dal\u0101s div\u0101s liel\u0101s grup\u0101s. Ir t\u0101di, kuri savus b\u0113rnus atved tikai tad, kad redzes pasliktin\u0101\u0161anos nevar nepaman\u012bt \u2013 t\u0101s jau ir divas un tr\u012bs dioptrijas \u201cm\u012bnus\u0101\u201d. Un, protams, ir t\u0101di, kuri savus b\u0113rnus uz p\u0101rbaud\u0113m ved regul\u0101ri, katru gadu. Liel\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 gad\u012bjumu vi\u0146iem pa\u0161iem ir brilles, t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146i izprot redzes vesel\u012bbas noz\u012bmi, uztraucas par sav\u0101m atvas\u0113m. Gribu uzsv\u0113rt \u2013 tuvredz\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101 iedzimt\u012bbai ir liela noz\u012bme, t\u0101p\u0113c vec\u0101kiem ar \u0161o acu probl\u0113mu savu b\u0113rnu redzes vesel\u012bba j\u0101kontrol\u0113 \u012bpa\u0161i v\u0113r\u012bgi un regul\u0101ri. Kaut par to netiek pietiekami daudz run\u0101ts, \u0123imenes oftalmolo\u0123ijai\/optometrijai ir \u013coti liela noz\u012bme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vec\u0101kiem b\u016btu svar\u012bgi saprast, ka galvenais krit\u0113rijs redzes korekcijas l\u012bdzek\u013ca izv\u0113l\u0113 ir b\u0113rna l\u0113mums. Proti, vai b\u0113rns grib un ir gatavs konkr\u0113to redzes korekcijas l\u012bdzekli \u2013 brilles, dienas l\u0113cas vai nakts l\u0113cas \u2013 lietot, vai vi\u0146am tas pat\u012bk un \u0161\u0137iet pie\u0146emams, vai vi\u0146\u0161, to n\u0113s\u0101jot, jut\u012bsies komfortabli. Vec\u0101ku viedoklim pamat\u0101 ir pak\u0101rtota noz\u012bme, tas nedr\u012bkst b\u016bt noteico\u0161ais. Galvenais, kas j\u0101izdara kop\u012bgi vec\u0101kiem un redzes speci\u0101listam \u2013 j\u0101p\u0101rliecina b\u0113rns vai jaunietis, ka korekcija patie\u0161\u0101m nepiecie\u0161ama un izv\u0113l\u0113tais korekcijas l\u012bdzeklis j\u0101lieto regul\u0101ri un atbilsto\u0161i speci\u0101lista nor\u0101d\u0113m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bet par visu vair\u0101k vec\u0101kiem vajadz\u0113tu saprast profilakses lielo lomu tuvredz\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bbas mazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101. Jo vair\u0101k laika b\u0113rni pavad\u012bs \u0101r\u0101 svaig\u0101 gais\u0101, jo vair\u0101k kust\u0113sies un maz\u0101k draudz\u0113sies ar viedier\u012bc\u0113m, jo lab\u0101ka b\u016bs ne tikai vi\u0146u visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101, bet ar\u012b redzes vesel\u012bba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","tags":[5,46,93],"class_list":["post-832","jaunumi","type-jaunumi","status-publish","hentry","tag-brilles","tag-redzesparbaude","tag-miopija","r_category-preses-relize"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ocvision.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/jaunumi\/832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ocvision.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/jaunumi"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ocvision.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/jaunumi"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ocvision.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ocvision.eu\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}